![]() This demonstrates that the danger to uncover officers lies in their uncertain status in the eyes of both criminals and other police (McPhee, 2003 Schmidt, 2009). In New York City, nearly 200 undercover officers (two-thirds of New York's entire undercover force) were transferred to less dangerous duty, following the killings of two undercover detectives and complaints regarding danger, outmoded equipment, and inadequate backup for officers involved in undercover operations. The danger to undercover agents is apparent, as they are the last to know when their cover is blown, making serious injury or death difficult to foresee. Nevertheless, there have been many significant cases developed by undercover agents whose work resulted in numerous convictions, while managing to maintain their undercover identity without being discovered (Cowan and Century, 2003 Garcia and Levin, 2009 Pistone, 1989 Wansley with Stowers, 1989). Undercover investigations are used less often than is commonly believed, due to the extended length of time required to gain access to criminal organizations, and the danger to the undercover officer if his or her identity is discovered (Kowalczyk and Sharps, 2017 Schmidt, 2009). Jurisdictions vary in the nature of the restrictions they place on undercover operations, with most focusing solely on prohibiting undercover agents from providing opportunities to commit crime, and committing crimes themselves. Their role is usually to become part of an existing criminal enterprise. a situation in which an agent or official originated the idea of the crime and induced the accused to engage in it in some jurisdictions, it is used as a defence to criminal charges). In most jurisdictions, undercover officers are not permitted to encourage suspects to commit crimes they would not ordinarily commit, either as an agent provocateur or through entrapment (i.e.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |